Henry bennett stanert



v HOLLOW CHILL. No. 345,455. I l Patented July 13, 1885.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,v

HENEY BENNETT sTANERT, oE NEWARK, NEW JEEsEY.

HoLL'ow CHILL...

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 345,455, dated JulyglS,1886.

' Application filed November 2, 1.885. Serial'Noi 181,588. (Model.)

.To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY BENNETT STA-N-` ER'Ea citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in HollowChills; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The object of this invention is to prevent the formation of blow-holesin castings,'par ticularly those in which a chill is used, caused by theretention of air in the matrix, which, by the methods and devicesheretofore employed, is unable to escape from the matrix with sufficientrapidity as the metal is poured into the mold.

The invention consists in the combination, with a mold, of a hollowchill, the perforation in which extends entirely therethrough, saidchill being arranged Within the matrix, and inclosed on all sides by thesand, substantially as illustrated in the drawings, and described andclaimed hereinafter.

In the said drawings', Figure l isa longitudinal section of a iiask,showing one relation of the hollow chill to a matrix adapted to form onekind of a casting; and Fig. 2 is a View of the hollow chill detachedfrom the mold.

A in the above-described views indicates the frame of the mold; BB, thesand in the cope and drag portions of the mold, respectively; C, thepouring duct or gate, and l) the matrix or imprint of the pattern.

Vithin the/imprint AD is arranged a hollow chill, E, the perforation inwhich extends entirely therethrough, which is centered in thecore-prints; and as the metal enters the matrix it iiows around and indirect contact with the metal tube or chill, whereby the interior ofthrough the sand; and in making large castings, in which but a thinlayer of sand intervenes between the matrix and the outside orsurrounding air, the gases may escape very readily; but-when smallcastings are made, and particularly those placed horizontally in themold between the cope and drag-as doorbutts--the thick body of sand onall sides of the matrix resists the quick passage of the air to thecertain damage of the castings. presence 'of the cavity in the chilltends to obviate this difculty, since thechamber or cavity provides areservoir into which the gases may escape, flowing in the direction ofthe least resistance, and is compressed therein until it generatesenough power to force its way through the thick layers of sand. By thusaffording a receptacle or chamber for the immediate reception of theair, without compelling it to force its way directly from the matrixthrough the sand into the outside air, the gases are not retained in thematrix or retarded in their exit therefrom, causing thereby theformation of blow-holes.

As'will be understood, the mold shown for illustration in the drawingsis intended to be set up77 or inclined at an angle while the metal ispoured; and to avoid burning the top ,and bottoni boards of the mold bythe crucible, said boards are moved slightly before the crucible isbrought against the top of the Aflask, to support the said crucible andenable the pourer to direct the metal into the gate, as will beperfectly understood by any one familiar with this kind of casting. Asthe metal enters the matrix and flows to the bottom thereof, it forces aportion of the air into the sand and through the crevice between thelower end of the chill and the surrounding sand and into the interior ofthe chill, and the metal in rising in the matrix drives the air upwardbefore it out into the sand and into the upperr end of the chill. Bythus inclosing the chill entirely within the mold, and surrounding it bythe sand, the air and gases have access to both ends of the cavity inthe chill,

The'

and the free escape of the air from both ends IOO possesses manifestadvantages.

a sand core has been shown in relation to cer tain kinds 0f castings, inthe patent of S. J. Adams, issued February 4, 1879; but the tube thereinused is designed solely to permit the insertion of a guiding-rod incentering the core, and is not intended and cannot fill the purpose forwhich my hollow chill is adapted. Moreover, the said tube must extendthrough the drag-board in order to permit the withdrawal of theguidingrod, and consequently but one end of the tube is in andsurrounded by the sand, the other end extending out into the open air,and is therefore liable to be stopped up by particles of sand fallingthereinto.

Another disadvantage of having the guiding-rod tube projecting th roughthe bottom or drag board is, that in sliding the boards, when the iiaskis inclined, to prevent burning said boards by the erucible, the matrixwould be destroyed by the moving of the tube. While the tube might serveits purpose to receive a guiding-rod in molds in which a sprue is used,and the mold is allowed to remain upright while the metal is poured,still, for a closed mold, and castings the interior of which is to behardened or chilled, and for a large number of small hollow castings,the hollow chill In the guiding-rod tube but one end is inelosed by thesand, while in my arrangement, as hereinbefore mentioned, the sandsurrounds both ends of the chill, and provides a double means of escapefor the air.

By experiments l have found that the hollow chill is especiallyadvantageous in the end of the mold, or the lower part thereof wheninclined, where the sand is rammed very hard to withstand the flow andweight of the metal as it is poured into the mold. destroys the porosityof the sand, and in consequence retards the escape of the airtherethrough; but the presence of the cavity in the chill provides amethod of escape which is shown to be beneficial, from the fact that,whereas a large percentage of loss resulted from the use of the solidchill, by the use of the hollow chill the percentage of loss is hardlyone per cent.

Having described my invention, l. wish to claim the following:

The combination, with a close mold or sandiiask, of a hollow chill, thechamber or cavity in which extends entirely therethrough, said chillbeing arranged within the matrix in said mold, inclosed on all sides bythe sand therein, whereby the air in the matrix has free access tobothends of the chill, and cut oil' from communication with the outsideair, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this30th day of October, 1885.

HENRY BENNETT STANE t'l.

Witnesses:

CHARLES H. PELL, FREDK. F. CAMPBELL.

This ramming

